SUGGESTED  ORDINANCE 


REGULATING  THE  USE,  HANDLING,  STORAGE 
AND  SALE  OF 


INFLAMMABLE  LIQUIDS 

AND  THE  PRODUCTS  THEREOF 


ADOPTED  BY  THE 


National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters 

135  WILLIAM  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


AND  THE 


National  Fire  Protection  Association 

87  Milk  Street 
BOSTON,  MASSACHUSETTS 


DECEMBER,  1913 


University  of 
Illinois  Library 
at  Urbana-Champaig 
Oak  Street 


<* 


SUGGESTED  ORDINANCE  TO  REGULATE  THE  USE, 
HANDLING,  STORAGE  AND  SALE  OF  INFLAM- 
MABLE LIQUIDS  AND  THE  PRODUCTS  THERE- 
OF, WITHIN  THE  CITY  OF 

Be  it  ordained  by  the of  the  City  of as 

follows : — 

CHAPTER  I.  General. 

Section. 

1.  Application  to  new  and  existing  installations,  etc. 

2.  Classification  of  inflammable  liquids. 

3.  Manufactured  liquid  commodities  included  in  classification. 

4.  Definition  of  container. 

5.  Definition  of  permit. 

6.  Definition  of  approval. 

7.  Chief  of  Fire  Department  defined. 

8.  Retail  store  defined. 

9.  Jobber  defined. 

10.  Paint  and  oil  store  defined. 

11.  Painter  defined. 

12.  Manufacturing  plant  defined. 

13.  Permits  required. 

14.  Owner  or  agent  may  use  certain  inflammable  liquids  without  permit. 

15.  Applications  and  inspections. 

16.  Permits  for  different  occupations. 

17.  Painter’s  permit. 

18.  Inspection  required  before  covering  installation. 

19.  Chief  of  Fire  Department  may  modify. 

20.  Appeals. 

CHAPTER  II.  General  Requirements  for  the  Storage,  Use  and 
Handling  of  Inflammable  Liquids. 

21.  Exceptions. 

22.  Hazardous  heating  and  lighting  appliances  may  be  prohibited. 

23.  Class  I and  II  liquids  prohibited  in  places  of  public  assembly. 

24.  Storage  of  Class  I and  II  near  exits,  etc. 

25.  Two  exits  required  in  stores  and  jobber’s  plants. 

26.  Handling  limited  in  buildings  occupied  by  families. 

27.  Storage  limited  in  frame  and  other  buildings  where  not  at  present  so 
used. 

28.  Storage  restrictions  for  buildings  now  used  for  storage. 

29.  Requirements  for  special  storage  rooms. 

30.  Storage  of  Class  I liquids. 

31.  Restrictions  to  storage  of  Class  II  liquids. 

32.  Exposed  window  must  have  wired  glass. 

33.  Restriction  as  to  new  manufacturing  plants. 

34.  Restriction  as  to  existing  manufacturing  plants. 

35.  Manufacturing  plants  prohibited  in  buildings  occupied  as  dwelling. 

36.  Restrictions  as  to  kettles,  vats,  etc. 

37.  Ventilation. 

38.  Extinguishers  required. 

39.  Storage  of  barrels  and  drums  limited. 

40.  Drums  and  barrels  must  be  kept  closed. 

41.  Smoking  prohibited. 

42.  Lighting  shall  be  by  electricity. 

43.  Requirements  for  wheeled  tanks. 

44.  Drawing  prohibited  near  open  light,  etc. 


CHAPTER  III.  Storage  Tanks. — Capacity,  Location  and 
Restrictions. 

45.  Storage  must  be  outside  buildings. 

46.  Underground  storage  limited. 

47.  Above  ground  outside  tanks  limited. 

48.  Requirements  for  above  ground  tanks. 

49.  Above  ground  tanks  labeled. 

50.  Thickness  of  tanks. 

51.  Special  material  permitted  for  tanks. 

52.  Construction  of  tanks. 

53.  Foundation  of  tanks. 

54.  Stationary  tanks  in  buildings. 

CHAPTER  IV.  Piping  and  Appurtenances. 

55.  No  connections  to  drains. 

56.  Vent  pipe. 

57.  Valves  in  drawing-off  pipes. 

58.  Valve  near  tank  if  above  ground. 

59.  Valve  required  at  pump. 

60.  Piping  must  drain  to  tank  where  underground. 

61.  Requirements  for  piping. 

62.  Leaky  piping. 

63.  Pipes  for  Class  I and  II  in  rooms  containing  open  lights. 

64.  Filling  pipe. 

65.  Deliveries  to  storage  tanks. 

66.  Pumps  required. 

67.  No  gravity  feed  permitted. 

68.  Exceptions  to  Sections  64  and  65. 

69.  Supply  to  internal-combustion  engines. 

70.  Fuel  oil  equipments. 

71.  Pumps  for  engines  and  fuel  equipments. 

CHAPTER  V.  Petroleum  and  Its  Products.  Refineries. 

72.  Permit  and  requirement. 

73.  Storage  and  piping. 

Jobbing  Plants,  Warehouses  and  Distributing  Station. 

74.  General  requirements. 

75.  Heating. 

76.  Storage  and  piping. 

Distributing,  Retailing  and  Containers  Used. 

77.  Tank  wagons. 

78.  Containers  painted  distinctive  colors. 

79.  Inflammable  liquid  for  starting  fire  prohibited. 

80.  General  requirements. 

CHAPTER  VI.  Paints,  Varnishes  and  Similar  Manufactured  Com- 
modities. 

81.  Heating  in  manufacturing  and  jobbers’  plants. 

82.  General  Requirements  for  new  manufacturing  plants. 

83.  General  requirements  for  existing  manufacturing  plants. 

84.  General  requirements  for  jobbing  plants,  storehouses  and  stores. 

CHAPTER  VII.  Garages. 

85.  Definition  of  garage. 

86.  Garages  not  permitted  near  certain  buildings. 

87.  Permit  required. 

88.  Construction  of  public  garages. 


2 


89.  Rooms  not  permitted  below  street  level. 

90.  Remodel  buildings  used  as  garages. 

91.  Existing  garages. 

92.  Private  garages. 

93.  Heating  and  isolation  of  boilers,  forges,  etc. 

94.  Storage  and  handling  of  inflammable  liquids. 

95.  Storage  tanks. 

96.  Pumps  and  piping. 

97.  Ventilation. 

98.  Care  of  garages. 

99.  Storage  of  Class  III  liquids. 

100.  Extinguishers. 

101.  Connection  to  drains  prohibited. 

102.  Chief  of  Fire  Department  must  inspect  quarterly. 

CHAPTER  VIII.  Dry  Cleaning. 

103.  Definition  of  dry  cleaning. 

104.  Definition  of  sponging. 

105.  Sponging  prohibited. 

106.  Dry  cleaning  permit  required. 

107.  Requirements  as  to  buildings. 

108.  Ventilation. 

109.  Heating. 

110.  Drain  required  in  wash  rooms. 

111.  Closed  machines  required. 

112.  Storage. 

113.  Pans  required  for  goods  removed  from  washer. 

114.  Settling  tank. 

115.  Approval  required  for  installation. 

CHAPTER  IX.  Penalties. 

CHAPTER  I.  General. 

Section  1.  This  ordinance  shall  apply  to  all  new  plants,  stores,  equip- 
ments and  installations  and,  except  as  otherwise  specified,  to  existing  plants, 
stores,  equipments,  installations,  and  other  conditions  which  constitute  a 
distinct  hazard  to  adjoining  property,  in  so  far  as  the  intent  of  the  sections 
can  be  reasonably  fulfilled.  All  persons  and  businesses  not  specifically 
named  in  this  ordinance,  storing,  handling  or  using  inflammable  liquids 
shall  be  governed  by  this  ordinance  where  it  is  applicable  to  that  storing, 
handling  or  using. 

Section  2.  For  the  purpose  of  this  ordinance,  inflammable  liquids  are 
divided  into  three  classes,  according  to  the  flash  point,  as  follows  : 

Class  I.  Liquids  with  flash  point  below  27  degrees  Fahrenheit  (-3  de- 
grees Centigrade)  closed  cup  tester.  (Equivalent  to  30  degrees  Fahrenheit 
open  cup  tester.) 

Class  II.  Liquids  with  flash  point  above  that  for  Class  I and  below  74 
degrees  Fahrenheit  (23  degrees  Centigrade)  closed  cup  tester.  (Equivalent 
to  80  degrees  Fahrenheit  open  cup  tester.) 

Class  III.  Liquids  with  flash  point  above  that  for  Class  II  and  below  187 
degrees  Fahrenheit  (86  degrees  Centigrade)  closed  cup  tester.  (Equivalent  to 
200  degrees  Fahrenheit  open  cup  tester.) 

The  flash  points  shall  be  as  determined  with  the  Abel-Pensky  or  the 


3 


Pen sky-Martens  closed  cup  tester.  For  commercial  use,  where  the  flash 
point  is  not  within  9 degrees  Fahrenheit(5  degrees  Centigrade)  the  Tagliabue 
open  cup  tester  may  be  used;  provided  that  the  flash  point  as  given  by  the 
Abel-Pensky  or  Pensky-Martens  testers  shall  be  authoritative  in  all  cases.* 


Representative  examples  of  the  classes  of  Inflammable  Liquids  are : 


Class  I. 

Ether 

Carbon  bisulphide 

Gasolene 

Naphtha 

Benzole 

Collodion 

Hydrocarbon  (gas  drips) 
Liquefied  Petroleum  gas 


Class  II. 
Acetone 
Alcohol 
Amyl  acetate 
Toluol 


Class  III. 
Kerosene 
Amyl  alcohol 
Turpentine 
Whiskey 
Brandy 


Section  3.  Any  manufactured  liquid  or  fluid  commodity,  such  as 
paints,  varnishes,  dryers,  cleaning  solution,  and  polishing  liquids,  which 
contains  inflammable  liquids  shall  be  included  in  the  above  classification 
according  to  the  flash  point  of  the  mixture. 

Section  4.  A Container  shall  be  any  can,  bucket,  barrel,  tank  or  other 
vessel,  except  stationary  or  fixed  tanks,  tank  wagons  and  tank  cars,  in  which 
inflammable  liquids  or  mixtures  are  stored  or  kept  for  sale. 

Section  5.  A permit  is  the  written  authority  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire 
Department,  issued  pursuant  to  these  regulations,  for  the  manufacture, 
transportation,  sale  or  use  of  any  finished  or  unfinished  product  or  article, 
or  any  material  entering  into  the  composition  thereof. 

Section  6.  An  approval  is  a written  statement  issued  by  the  Chief  of 
the  Fire  Department,  certifying  that  the  type,  class  or  kind  of  article  or 
thing  mentioned  therein  has  been  examined  and  approved  by  the  Chief  of 
the  Fire  Department  in  conformity  with  this  ordinance,  and  that  it  is  author- 
ized to  be  manufactured,  stored,  transported,  sold  or  used  in  the  City  of  . . . 

Section  7.  The  term,  “ Chief  of  the  Fire  Department,”  shall  include 
any  officer,  member  or  inspector  of  the  fire  department  specially  deputized 
by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  to  act  for  him. 

Section  8.  By  Retail  Store  shall  be  meant  a store  or  other  building  in 
which  inflammable  liquids  are  sold  direct  to  consumers. 

Section  9.  By  Jobber  shall  be  meant  a person,  firm  or  corporation 
selling  inflammable  liquids  at  wholesale. 

Section  10.  By  a Paint  and  Oil  Store  shall  be  meant  a store  or  build- 
ing in  which  are  stored,  handled  and  sold  at  retail,  paints,  varnishes,  oils 
and  inflammable  liquids,  alone  or  with  the  appurtenances  necessary  to  such 
material. 

Section  11.  By  Painter  shall  be  meant  a person,  firm  or  corporation 
handling  and  mixing  paints,  varnishes,  oils  and  other  inflammable  liquids 
to  be  used  by  himself  or  his  employees  on  premises  other  than  those  con- 
trolled by  him. 

Section  12.  By  manufacturing  plant  is  meant  any  factory  or  establish- 
ment in  which  people  are  employed  in  the  handling,  in  process  of  manufac- 
ture, of  inflammable  liquids  in  other  than  original  sealed  containers,  in 

*For  description  of  testers  and  methods  as  used  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines  see  tech- 
nical paper  No.  49  on  “ The  flash  point  of  oils — methods  and  apparatus  for  its  determination.” 

This  paper  may  be  had  upon  request  from  the  Director  of  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Mines,  Washington,  D.  C. 

For  ordinary  usage,  the  comparison  of  open  and  closed  cup  testers  may  be  assumed  as 
follows  : 

Degrees  Fahr.  (Tagliabue)  =z  1 °-f-  Agrees  Fahr.  (Abel-Pensky) 

Degrees  Fahr.  (Abel-Pensky)  = 0.94  Degrees  Fahr.  (Tagliabue)  -T 


4 


mixing  or  compounding  of  inflammable  liquids  or  in  the  using  of  an  inflam- 
mable liquid  in  the  manufacture  or  production  of  any  article.  (When  the 
use,  storing  or  handling  of  inflammable  liquids  in  such  a manner  as  to  permit 
the  escape  of  inflammable  vapor  is  entirely  within  fireproof  rooms,  with  no 
openings  to  any  other  part  of  the  building  and  with  windows  equipped  with 
wired  glass  and  metallic  frames  and  arranged  to  close  automatically,  the  re- 
mainder of  the  building  shall  not  be  included  under  the  term,  Manufacturing 
Plants.) 

Section  13.  Except  as  specified  in  Section  14,  a permit  which  shall  be 
for  one  or  both  of  the  following  sub-divisions  shall  be  obtained: — 

(«)  For  the  storage  or  handling  of  a total  quantity  of  Class  I liquids 
in  excess  of  one  gallon  in  any  dwelling,  apartment  house  or  tenement,  and 
in  excess  of  six  gallons  in  any  other  building,  and  in  excess  of  ten  gallons 
outside  of  any  building. 

(b)  For  the  storage  or  handling  of  a total  quantity  of  Class  II  liquids 
in  excess  of  five  gallons  in  any  dwelling,  apartment  house  or  tenement, 
and  in  excess  of  ten  gallons  in  any  other  building,  and  in  excess  of  twenty- 
five  gallons  outside  of  any  building. 

( c ) For  the  storage  or  handling  of  a total  quantity  of  Class  III  liquids 
in  excess  of  twenty-five  gallons  inside  any  building,  and  in  excess  of  fifty- 
five  gallons  outside  any  building. 

Section  14.  Unless  a storage  of  quantities  in  excess  of  those  given  in 
Section  13,  is  to  be  maintained  for  at  least  thirty  days,  nothing  in  this  or- 
dinance shall  require  an  owner  or  occupant  or  his  agent  to  obtain  a permit 
for  the  use  of,  nor  does  it  prohibit  the  use  by  him,  of  paints,  oils,  varnishes 
and  similar  inflammable  mixtures. 

Section  15.  All  applications  for  permits  to  sell  or  store  inflammable 
liquids  must  be  made  in  writing  to  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  on 
special  printed  forms.  The  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  shall  forthwith 
make  an  inspection  of  the  premises  proposed  to  be  used  for  such  sale  or  stor- 
age, and  the  means  of  distribution,  and  if  the  conditions,  surroundings  and 
arrangements  are  such  that  the  intent  of  this  ordinance  can  be  observed,  then 
he  shall  issue  a permit  that  such  sale,  storage,  or  distribution  may  be 
conducted. 

Section  16.  All  permits  shall  state  the  nature  of  the  business  of  the 
applicant,  the  maximum  quantity  of  each  class  of  liquid  to  be  kept,  and  the 
location  of  the  storage.  Permits  shall  be  listed  as  follows : — 

Garage  Permit  (with  or  without  storage) . 

Storage  Permit. 

Retail  Dealer’s  Permit. 

Painter’s  Permit. 

Paint  and  Oil  Dealer’s  Permit. 

Jobber’s  Permit. 

Manufacturer’s  Permit. 

Dry  Cleaner’s  Permit. 

Section  17.  A painter’s  permit  shall  include  the  use  of  inflammable 
liquids  on  premises  other  than  those  controlled  by  him,  but  shall  not 
permit  the  selling  of  inflammable  liquids  without  a retailer’s  permit. 

Section  18.  Before  any  installation  is  covered  from  sight,  a notifica- 
tion in  writing  shall  be  given  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department,  who  shall, 
within  48  hours  after  the  receipt  of  such  notification,  inspect  the  installation 
and  give  his  written  approval  or  disapproval.  Upon  failure  of  the  Chief  of 
the  Fire  Department  to  inspect  within  the  specified  time,  the  installation 
may  be  covered  but  shall  be  subject  to  inspection  by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire 
Department  at  the  expense  of  the  city. 


5 


Section  19.  The  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  shall  have  power  to 
modify  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance  upon  application  in  writing 
by  the  owner  or  lessee,  or  his  duly  authorized  agent,  when  there  are  practical 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  carrying  out  the  strict  letter  of  this  ordinance,  so 
that  the  spirit  of  this  ordinance  shall  be  observed  and  public  safety  secured 
and  substantial  justice  done.  The  particulars  of  such  modification  when 
granted  or  allowed  and  the  decision  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department 
thereon  shall  be  entered  upon  the  records  of  the  department  and  a signed 
copy  shall  be  furnished  the  applicant. 

Section  20.  Within  ten  days  after  written  notification  by  the  Chief  of 
the  Fire  Department  to  the  owner  or  occupant  to  correct  or  remedy  any 
hazardous  condition,  an  appeal,  stating  specifically  the  questions  which 
the  appellant  desires  to  have  passed  upon,  may  be  taken.  Such  appeal  shall 
be  heard  by  a committee  consisting  of  one  member  appointed  by  the  Chief 
of  the  Fire  Department,  one  by  the  appellant  and  a third  by  the  other  two 
members.  The  members  of  the  committee  shall  take  the  usual  oath  of  office 
and  are  authorized  to  take  testimony  and  to  grant  or  reject  such  appeal, 
subject  to  review  by  the  proper  court. 

CHAPTER  II.  General  Requirements  for  the  Storage,  Use  and 
Handling  of  Inflammable  Liquids. 

Section  21.  This  ordinance  shall  apply  in  all  parts  to  all  inflammable 
liquids  of  Classes  I,  II  and  III,  provided  that: 

Petroleum  shall  be  regulated  only  as  given  in  Chapters  I and  V, 

Paints  and  Varnishes  only  as  given  in  Chapters  I and  VI, 

Garages  only  as  given  in  Chapters  I and  VII,  and 
Dry  Cleaning  only  as  given  in  Chapters  I and  VIII 

Section  22.  The  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  may  prohibit  the  use 
of  any  type,  kind  or  make  of  heating  or  lighting  appliances  using  inflam- 
mable liquids  which,  after  test  by  him  or  some  competent  authority,  is  con- 
sidered as  introducing  a distinct  hazard  to  life  or  property. 

Section  23.  No  Class  I nor  Class  II  fluids  shall  be  kept  or  stored  in  any 
schoolhouse,  religious,  amusement  or  other  public  building;  excepting  that 
for  demonstration  purposes,  or  for  industrial  or  mechanical  uses,  the  Chief 
of  the  Fire  Department  may  issue  permits  for  same,  as  herein  provided  for. 

Section  24.  Except  in  sealed  containers,  no  Class  I nor  II  liquids  may 
be  stored  within  10  feet  of  any  stairway,  elevator  or  exit. 

Section  25.  In  paint  or  oil  stores,  retail  stores  and  jobbers’  plants  con- 
taining inflammable  liquids,  at  least  two  exits  shall  be  provided,  one  of 
which  must  be  away  from  the  point  of  storage. 

Section  26.  The  mixing,  storing  or  handling  of  inflammable  liquids  of 
Class  I and  II  in  open  containers,  is  prohibited  in  any  store  in  any  building 
housing  more  than  two  families  or  in  a frame  building  housing  more  than 
one  family,  provided  that  this  shall  not  apply  to  drug  stores  where  inflam- 
mable liquids  are  used  in  making  and  compounding  medicines  and  pre- 
scriptions. 

Section  27.  The  storage  of  inflammable  liquids  inside  buildings,  ex- 
cept in  buildings  now  so  used,  shall  be  as  given  under  the  following  sub- 
sections; provided  that  in  a special  storage  room  or  fireproof  building, 
conforming  to  requirements  given  in  Section  29,  an  unlimited  quantity  may 
be  maintained  therein,  except  of  Class  I liquids  : — 

a.  Within  the  limits  given  in  Section  45. 

In  frame  buildings : 

Classes  I and  II  prohibited. 


6 


Class  III,  Maximum  limit  of  any  tank  or  container  to  be  60  gallons. 

In  other  than  frame  buildings  : 

Class  I,  In  sealed  containers  or  safety  cans  of  not  more  than  1 gallon 
capacity,  and  not  exceeding  a total  of  10  gallons. 

Class  II,  In  sealed  containers  or  safety  cans  of  not  more  than  5 gal- 
lons capacity  and  in  barrels,  drums  or  tanks  of  not  more  than  60 
gallons  capacity.  (Total  quantity  to  be  stored  in  this  manner  un- 
limited.) 

Class  III,  In  sealed  containers  of  not  more  than  5 gallons  capacity,  in 
barrels  and  drums  and  in  tanks  not  exceeding  120  gallons  capacity. 
(Total  quantity  to  be  stored  in  this  manner  unlimited.) 

b.  Ouside  the  limits  given  in  Section  45. 

In  frame  buildings  : 

Class  I,  In  sealed  containers  or  safety  cans  of  not  more  than  1 gallon 
capacity,  and  not  exceeding  a total  of  10  gallons. 

Class  II,  In  sealed  containers  of  not  more  than  5 gallons  capacity  and 
in  barrels,  drums  or  tanks  not  exceeding  60  gallons  capacity. 
(Total  quantity  to  be  stored  in  this  manner  unlimited.) 

Class  III,  In  sealed  containers  not  exceeding  5 gallons  capacity,  in 
barrels  and  drums  and  in  tanks  not  exceeding  120  gallons  capacity. 
(Total  quantity  to  be  stored  in  this  manner  unlimited.) 

In  other  than  frame  buildings : 

Class  I,  Not  exceeding  50  gallons  in  sealed  containers  or  safety  cans 
of  not  more  than  1 gallon  capacity. 

Class  II,  In  sealed  containers  or  safety  cans  of  not  more  than  5 gal- 
lons capacity,  in  drums  and  barrels  and  in  tanks  not  exceeding  120 
gallons  capacity.  (Total  quantity  to  be  stored  in  this  manner  un- 
limited.) 

Class  III,  In  sealed  containers,  drums  and  barrels  and  in  tanks  not 
exceeding  240  gallons  capacity.  (Total  quantity  to  be  stored  in  this 
manner  unlimited.) 

Section  28.  In  buildings  now  used  for  storage  of  inflammable  liquids, 
the  storage,  except  in  special  room  as  given  in  Section  29,  shall  not  exceed 
double  the  quantity  given  in  Section  27  or  in  tanks  of  more  than  double  the 
capacity  of  those  given  in  Section  27. 

Section  29.  Special  rooms  for  storage  of  inflammable  liquids  and  the 
handling  and  use  of  inflammable  liquids  shall,  where  called  for  in  this 
ordinance,  be  constructed  as  follows  : Walls,  floors  and  ceiling  to  be  of  eight 
inches  of  brick  or  concrete,  or  four  inches  of  reinforced  concrete;  door 
openings  to  other  rooms  or  buildings  to  be  provided  with  sills  raised  six 
inches  and  with  automatically  closing  fire  doors  ; windows  to  be  wired  glass 
in  metallic  sash  and  frames ; no  combustible  material  used  in  construc- 
tion, except  that  floor  surfacing  may  be  of  wood  ; proper  ventilation  provided  ; 
no  opening  to  rooms  below  except  as  made  necessary  by  trade  or  manu- 
facturing process,  and  openings  to  rooms  and  other  parts  of  building 
above  to  be  provided  with  automatically  closing  fire  doors  or  trap  doors. 

Section  30.  Except  where  kept  in  sealed  containers,  Class  I liquids 
shall  be  kept  in  storage  tanks  underground  or  outside  the  building  and  no 
discharge  system  sh  ill  have  outlet  inside  building  unless  in  a special  room  as 
given  in  Section  29.  Provided  that  safety  cans  of  not  over  ten  gallons 
capacity  may  be  used,  except  that  if  of  over  one  gallon’s  capacity,  they  must 
be  kept  and  used  in  special  rooms  as  given  in  Section  29. 

Section  31.  No  container  containing  Class  II  liquid  and  of  over 
five  gallons  capacity  may  be  used  to  fill  other  containers  and  appliances, 
unless  kept  outside  the  building  or  in  a special  room,  as  given  in  Section 
29,  and  all  drawing,  except  from  safety  cans,  shall,  where  the  nature  of 
the  liquid  permits,  be  as  provided  for  in  Sections  66  and  67. 


7 


Section  32.  Any  building,  other  than  a frame  building,  within  the 
fire  limits  containing  more  than  500  gallons  of  inflammable  liquids  in 
other  than  sealed  containers,  must  have  all  windows  in  side  and  rear  walls 
and  above  the  first  floor  on  street  fronts  exposed  by  another  building 
within  fifty  feet,  provided  with  wired  glass  in  metallic  sash  and  frame. 

Section  33.  Any  manufacturing  plant  hereafter  established  in  a build- 
ing in  which  persons  are  employed  above  the  second  story,  shall  have  all 
rooms  in  which  Class  I and  II  liquids  are  mixed  or  stored  in  receptacles 
permitting  the  escape  of  vapor  constructed  as  given  in  Section  29. 

Section  34.  In  existing  manufacturing  plants  where  persons  are 
employed  above  the  second  floor,  all  elevator,  stair  and  other  wells  or 
vertical  openings  communicating  to  rooms  in  which  Class  I and  II  liquids 
are  mixed  or  stored  in  receptacles  permitting  escape  of  vapor,  must  be 
inclosed  and  provided  with  automatic  fire  doors  or  trap  doors. 

Section  35.  No  manufacturing  plant  shall  be  located  in  any  building 
used  as  a dwelling  for  more  than  one  family  unless  all  Class  I liquids  are 
kept  in  safety  cans,  not  exceeding  one  quart  in  capacity,  or  in  outside 
storage  tanks  as  given  in  Chapter  III,  with  no  discharge  inside  the  building. 

Section  36.  Kettles,  vats,  saturators  and  other  vessels  used  in  manu- 
facturing processes,  and  containing  more  than  five  gallons  of  inflammable 
liquid,  must  not  be  located  within  five  feet  of  combustible  material  nor  within 
five  feet  of  any  exit,  unless  two  or  more  exits  are  provided,  and  all  combus- 
tible floor  thereunder  within  a radius  of  ten  feet  must  be  protected  with  non- 
combustible covering.  All  kettles  and  other  open  vessels  must  be  provided 
with  substantial  covers  operating  automatically  or  which  can  be  easily  and 
readily  placed  in  position. 

Section  37.  Rooms  in  which  Class  I and  II  liquids  are  used  in  open 
vats,  pans  or  other  vessels,  or  in  which  Classes  I,  II  and  III  liquids  are  heated 
or  otherwise  treated  in  such  manner  as  to  produce  inflammable  vapor,  shall 
be  well  ventilated.  Where  natural  ventilation  is  not  sufficient,  ventilation 
may  be  obtained  as  provided  in  Section  110,  or  a trench  or  trough  located  in 
the  lowest  portion  of  the  room,  near  any  appliance  emitting  inflammable 
vapor  may  be  used,  such  trough  to  be  not  less  than  six  inches  deep,  open 
except  for  screens  or  grating  and  sloping  downward  to  the  outside  of  the 
building  to  a point  acceptable  to  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department;  or  a 
ventilation  system  or  any  other  special  systems  meeting  the  intent  of  this 
section  may  be  used  when  approved  by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department. 

Section  38.  Where  inflammable  liquids  are  kept,  used  or  handled,  dry 
sand,  ashes,  chemical  extinguishers  or  other  fire  retardants  shall  be  provided 
in  such  quantities  and  with  such  pails,  scoops  and  other  fire  appliances  as  may 
be  directed  by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department.  A reasonable  quantity  of 
of  such  loose  non-combustible  absorbents  as  mentioned  above  shall  be  kept 
convenient  for  use  in  case  of  excessive  oil  leakage  or  overflow. 

Section  39.  Inside  the  fire  limits,  barrels  and  drums  containing  Class  I, 
II  or  III  liquids  stored  outside  any  building  must  not  be  piled  upon  each  other 
nor  stored  in  a passageway  or  beneath  any  window  and  no  open  lights  shall 
be  permitted  in  any  such  storage  yard. 

Section  40.  Drums  or  barrels  for  inflammable  liquids  shall  have  caps, 
plugs  and  bungs  replaced  immediately  after  package  is  emptied. 

Section  41.  In  all  rooms  or  parts  of  buildings  which  contain  inflammable 
liquids  in  open  containers  or  in  which  the  vapors  from  inflammable  liquids  are 
present,  or  in  which  inflammable  liquids  are  used  in  any  manufacturing 
process,  the  carrying  of  matches  is  prohibited,  and  smoking  shall  be  a mis- 
demeanor. Suitable  signs  lettered  SMOKING  PROHIBITED  BY  ORDER 
OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  FIRE  DEPARTMENT  shall  be  displayed. 


8 


Section  42.  Inflammable  liquids  shall  not  be  drawn  nor  handled  in 
the  presence  of  open  flame  or  fire,  but  may  be  drawn  and  handled  when 
lighting  is  by  incandescent  electric  lamps  installed  in  compliance  with 
the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  “National  Electrical  Code”;  said  rules 
and  regulations  are  hereby  made  a part  of  the  requirements  of  this  ordi- 
nance as  affecting  all  electrical  equipment. 

Section  43.  No  portable  wheeled  tank  for  the  handling  of  inflammable 
liquids  inside  buildings  shall  exceed  sixty  gallons  capacity.  Tank  must  be 
of  iron  or  steel,  T3B-inch  thick,  with  all  openings  at  the  top  and  screened  with 
30x30  mesh,  or  equivalent,  brass  wire  screen.  Wheels  must  be  rubber  tired 
and  tanks  so  hung  as  not  to  be  tipped  over  in  ordinary  usage.  Liquids  must 
be  drawn  from  tank  by  means  of  a tight  fitting  pump. 

Section  44.  The  handling  or  storing  of  any  inflammable  liquid  within 
dangerous  proximity  to  open  flame  or  fire  is  expressly  prohibited. 

CHAPTER  III.  Storage  Tanks — Capacity,  Location  and 
Restriction. 

Section  45.  Except  as  otherwise  permitted  in  this  ordinance,  the 
storage  of  inflammable  liquids  shall  be  outside  buildings,  in  underground 
tanks  or  above  ground  tanks;  except  that  the  storage  in  tanks  above  ground 
and  outside  buildings  is  prohibited  within  the  following  limits  : (Note. 
These  limits  to  be  specified;  they  should  include  the  mercantile  and  other 
congested  districts  and  land  near  streams  or  other  water  ways  which  would 
carry  burning  liquid  into  congested  districts.)  Provided  that  for  existing 
tanks  within  such  limits,  which  are  properly  safeguarded,  and  do  not  intro- 
duce a distinct  hazard  to  other  property,  a permit  shall  be  granted. 

Section  46.  Tanks  located  underground  shall  have  top  of  tank  at  least 
three  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  below  the  level  of  the  lowest 
pipe  in  the  building  to  be  supplied.  Tanks  may  be  permitted  underneath  a 
building  if  buried  at  least  three  feet  below  the  lowest  floor.  Tanks  shall  be 
set  on  a firm  foundation  and  surrounded  with  soft  earth  or  sand,  well  tamped 
into  place  or  encased  in  concrete.  Tank  may  have  a test  well,  provided  test 
well  extends  to  near  bottom  of  tank,  and  top  end  shall  be  hermetically  sealed 
and  locked  except  when  necessarily  open.  When  tank  is  located  underneath 
a building,  the  test  well  shall  extend  at  least  twelve  feet  above  source  of 
supply.  The  limit  of  storage  permitted  shall  depend  upon  the  location  of 
tanks  with  respect  to  the  building  to  be  supplied  and  adjacent  buildings,  as 
follows : — 

(a)  Unlimited  capacity  if  lower  than  any  floor,  basement,  cellar  or 
pit  in  any  building  within  a radius  of  fifty  feet. 

(£)  20,000  gallons  total  capacity  if  lower  than  any  floor,  basement, 

cellar  or  pit  in  any  building  within  thirty  feet  radius. 

(c)  5,000  gallons  total  capacity  if  lower  than  any  floor,  basement,  cellar 
or  pit  in  any  building  within  twenty  feet  radius. 

( d ) 1,500  gallons  total  capacity  if  lower  than  any  floor,  basement,  cel- 
lar or  pit  in  any  building  within  ten  feet  radius. 

(e)  500  gallons  if  not  lower  than  every  floor,  basement,  cellar  or  pit  in 
any  building  within  ten  feet,  in  which  case  it  must  be  entirely  encased  in  six 
inches  of  concrete. 

Section  47.  Outside  the  limits  given  in  Section  45,  the  capacity  of 
each  outside  above  ground  storage  tank  used,  designed  or  intended  for 
Class  I and  II  liquids  shall  be  limited  as  given  in  Column  A of  Table  1. 
For  Class  III  liquids  a storage  double  that  given  in  Column  A,  Table  I,  will 
be  permitted. 


9 


Table  1.  Capacity  of  Outside  Above  Ground  Storage  Tanks  for 
Class  I and  II  LiquiDS. 


Column  a. 

Minimum  Distance  of  Tanks. 

Capacity  of  Tank, 
Gallons. 

To  Line  of  Adjoining 
Property  which  may 
be  Built  Upon. 

To  Any  Other  Tank. 

300  or  less 

5 feet. 

2 feet. 

500 

10  “ 

2 “ 

1,000 

20  “ 

2 “ 

8,000 

25  “ 

2 “ 

12,000 

30  “ 

2 “ 

18,000 

40  “ 

3 “ 

24,000 

50  “ 

3 “ 

30,000 

60  “ 

3 “ 

48,000 

75  “ 

3 “ 

75,000 

85  “ 

3 “ 

100,000 

100  “ 

15  “ 

150,000 

150  “ 

25  “ 

250,000 

250  “ 

35  “ 

500,000 

300  “ 

50  “ 

1,000,000 

350  “ 

75  “ 

Unlimited 

400  “ 

200  “ 

Section  48.  Each  above  ground  tank,  inside  or  outside  buildings, 
over  1,000  gallons  in  capacity,  must  have  all  manholes,  hand  holes,  vent 
openings  and  other  openings,  which  may  contain  inflammable  vapor,  pro- 
vided with  20  x 20  mesh,  brass  wire  screen,  or  its  equivalent,  so  attached 
as  to  completely  cover  the  opening  and  be  protected  against  clogging.  A 
safety  valve  must  be  provided,  or  manhole  covers  must  be  kept  closed  by 
weight  only,  and  not  firmly  attached.  The  screen  on  such  opening  may  be 
made  removable,  but  must  be  kept  normally  firmly  attached. 

Section  49.  Above  ground  tanks  for  Class  I and  II  liquids  outside 
buildings  shall  have  painted  conspicuously  upon  their  side,  in  letters  at  least 
2 inches  high,  the  wording,  “ INFLAMMABLE— KEEP  FIRE  AWAY.” 

Section  50. — Except  existing  tanks  in  good  condition,  all  tanks  outside 
buildings,  either  above  or  below  ground,  and  all  tanks  for  Class  I liquids 
inside  buildings,  as  permitted  by  this  ordinance,  shall  be  made  of  galvanized 
steel,  basic  open  hearth  steel  or  wrought  iron  of  a minimum  gauge  U.  S. 
Standard  depending  upon  the  capacity  or  size  as  given  in  Tables  2,  3 and  4. 


Table  2. 


Underground  tanks  inside  the  limits  prescribed  in  Section  45,  or  within 
10  feet  of  a building  when  outside  such  limits. 


Capacity  (Gallons). 

1 to  560 
561  to  1,100 
1,101  to  4,000 
4,001  to  10,500 
10,501  to  20,000 
20,001  to  30,000 


Minimum 

Thickness  of  Material. 


10 


Table  3. 


Underground  tanks  outside  limits  as  described  in  Section  45,  provided 
the  tanks  are  10  feet  or  more  from  a building. 

Minimum 

Capacity  (Gallons).  Thickness  of  Material. 


1 

to 

30 

31 

to 

350 

351 

to 

1,100 

1,101 

to 

4,000 

4,001 

to 

10,500 

10,501 

to 

20,000 

20,001 

to 

30,000 

18 

16 

14 

7 


i" 


Table  4. 

Above  Ground  Tanks. 

(a)  Horizontal  or  vertical  tanks  not  over  1,100  gallons  capacity. 


Minimum 

Capacity  (Gallons). 

Thickness  of  Material. 

1 to 

30 

18 

31  to 

350  . . 

16 

351  to 

1,100 

14 

( b' ) Horizontal  tanks  over  1,100  gallons  capacity. 

Minimum 

Maximum  Diameter.  Thickness  of  Material. 

Shell.  Heads. 

Not  over  5 feet  .*.....  10  7 

5 feet  to  8 feet  .......  7 

8 feet  to  11  feet  .......  f " 


(c)  Vertical  tanks  over  1,100  gallons  capacity. 


Under  40  feet  in  diameter  and  containing  not  more  than  5,000  gallons: — 

Bottom  No.  8 gauge. 

Bottom  Ring  No.  8 gauge. 

Other  rings  No.  10  gauge. 

Top  No.  12  gauge. 


Under  40  feet  in  diameter  and  containing  more  than  5,000  gallons  but 
not  more  than  10,000  gallons  : — 

Bottom  No.  8 gauge. 

Bottom  Ring  No.  7 gauge. 

Other  rings  No.  8 gauge. 

Top  No.  12  gauge. 


Other  vertical  tanks  to  be  of  thickness  not  less  than  indicated  in  the 
following  table,  the  figures  referring  to  U.  S.  Standard  gauge  : — 


11 


Diameter. 

Top. 

Top 

Ring. 

2d 

Ring 

from 

Top. 

Sd 

Ring 

from 

Top. 

4th 

Ring 

from 

Top. 

5th 

Ring 

from 

Top. 

6th 

Ring 

from 

Top. 

Bot- 

tom. 

Feet. 

80  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

3 

0 

3-0 

5-0 

10 

75  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

4 

1 

2-0 

4-0 

10 

70  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

4 

1 

2-0 

4-0 

10 

65  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

5 

1 

0 

3-0 

10 

60  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

5 

2 

0 

2-0 

10 

55  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

6 

3 

1 

2-0 

10 

50  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

7 

4 

1 

0 

10 

45  ...  . 

10 

7 

7 

7 

5 

3 

1 

10 

40  and  less  . 

10 

7 

7 

7 

5 

3 

2 

10 

All  riveted  joints  to  have  an  efficiency  of  at  least  60  per  cent. 

Tanks  of  greater  capacity  than  given  above  shall  be  of  material  of 
sufficient  thickness  to  safely  hold  the  contents,  and  proportionately  heavier. 
No  vertical  tanks  shall  be  more  than  30  feet  high. 

Section  51. — With  the  approval  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department, 
tanks  of  copper  or  other  suitable  material  may  be  used,  if  after  the  necessary 
handling  incident  to  installation  they  conform  to  the  value  given  above  as 
to  strength,  rigidity,  durability  and  tightness. 

Section  52. — Tanks  shall  be  riveted,  welded  or  brazed,  and  shall  be 
soldered,  caulked  or  otherwise  made  tight  in  a mechanical  and  workmanlike 
manner,  and  if  to  be  used  with  a pressure  discharge  system  shall  safely  sus- 
tain a hydrostatic  test  at  least  double  the  pressure  to  which  tank  may  be 
subjected.  Top  of  tank  to  be  securely  fastened  to  top  ring,  with  joints  of 
equal  tightness  to  those  between  rings.  They  shall  be  covered  with  asphaltum 
or  other  non-rusting  paint  or  coating.  All  pipe  connections  shall  be  made 
through  flanges  or  reinforced  metal  securely  riveted,  welded  or  bolted  to 
tank  and  made  thoroughly  tight. 

Section  53. — Tanks  must  be  set  upon  a firm  foundation,  and  outside 
tanks  when  above  ground,  except  portable  tanks,  must  be  electrically 
grounded. 

Tanks  more  than  one  foot  above  the  ground  must  have  foundation  and 
supports  of  non-combustible  materials,  except  wooden  cushions ; no  com- 
bustible material  shall  be  permitted  under  or  within  ten  feet  of  any  above 
ground  outside  storage  tank. 

Tanks  containing  crude  petroleum  shall  be  surrounded  by  an  embank- 
ment or  wall  of  sufficient  height  to  provide  storage  equal  to  one  and  a half 
times  the  capacity  of  the  tank. 

Section  54. — Stationary  tanks  inside  buildings  for  the  handling  of 
liquids  of  Classes  II  and  III,  where  permitted  in  this  ordinance,  shall  be 
made  of  soft  galvanized  iron,  or  tin  plate  suitable  for  the  purposes. 
Cylindrical  tanks  of  120  gallons  or  less  capacity  shall  be  made  of  material 
with  a minimum  thickness  of  No.  20  gauge  U.  S.  Standard  ; rectangular 
tanks  of  800  gallons  or  less  capacity  shall  be  made  of  material  with  a 
minimum  thickness  of  No.  14  gauge  U.  S.  Standard.  Correspondingly 
heavier  gauge  metal  must  be  used  for  longer  tanks.  All  joints  must  be 
locked,  double  seamed  or  riveted.  All  joints  must  be  soldered  or  made 
tight  by  some  equally  satisfactory  method.  All  such  tanks  shall  be  so 
located  that  the  pump  or  other  drawing  off  device  shall  not  be  below  the 


12 


first  floor,  and  the  floor  for  a radius  of  at  least  three  feet  from  pump 
shall  be  of  non-combustible  materials  or  covered  with  metal.  Tanks 
similar  to  those  given  in  Section  50  may  also  be  used,  or  original  barrels 
or  drum  may  be  used  until  contents  are  drawn,  if  substantially  placed  to 
prevent  tipping  or  rolling,  with  pump  inserted  through  a close  fitting 
connection  in  head  or  side. 

CHAPTER  IV.  Piping  and  Other  Appurtenances. 

Section  55.  All  connections  from  tank  to  any  house  or  sub-surface 
drainage  system  shall  be  so  arranged  as  to  prevent  the  flow  of  inflammable 
liquid  to  any  such  system  or  the  leakage  of  any  inflammable  gases  from 
such  fluid,  or  properly  constructed  inflammable  fluid  collectors  shall  be 
provided  in  such  connection. 

Section  56.  All  underground  storage  systems  or  Class  I liquids,  in 
which  the  tank  may  contain  inflammable  gases,  shall  have  at  least  a 1- 
inch  vent  pipe,  run  from  top  of  tank  to  a point  outside  of  the  building 
and  acceptable  to  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department,  but  which  shall  end 
at  least  12  feet  above  level  of  source  of  supply  and  in  a location  remote 
from  fire  escapes  and  never  nearer  than  three  feet,  measured  horizontally 
and  vertically,  from  any  window  or  other  opening;  the  tank  vent  pipe  shall 
terminate  in  a goose-neck  protected  in  the  outer  end  by  a 30  x 30  mesh  or 
equivalent  brass  wire  screen.  Or  a combined  vent  and  filling  pipe,  so 
equipped  and  located  as  to  vent  the  tank  at  all  times,  even  during  filling 
operations,  may  be  used.  The  vent  pipes  from  two  or  more  tanks  may 
be  connected  to  one  upright,  provided  they  be  connected  at  a point  at 
least  one  foot  above  level  of  source  of  supply. 

Section  57.  All  drawing-off  pipes  terminating  inside  of  any  building 
shall  have  valve  at  the  discharge  end ; when  delivery  is  by  gravity,  pipes 
shall  have  valve,  which  shall  preferably  be  of  the  automatically  closing 
type,  and  in  addition  must  have  emergency  valve. 

Section  58.  Where  tanks  are  above  ground  there  shall  be  a valve 
located  near  the  tank  in  each  pipe.  In  case  two  or  more  tanks  are  cross- 
connected  there  shall  be  a valve  near  each  tank  in  each  cross  connection. 

Section  59.  Pumps  delivering  to  or  taking  supply  from  above 
ground  storage  tanks  shall  be  provided  with  valves  on  both  suction  and 
discharge  side  of  pump,  and  check  valve  when  delivering  to  tank. 

Section  60.  Where  underground  tanks  are  used,  all  pipes  carrying 
volatile  inflammable  fluids,  except  in  dry-cleaning  establishments,  shall 
pitch  toward  tanks  without  any  traps  or  pockets,  and  shall  enter  tank  at 
the  top. 

Section  61.  All  pipes  used  in  systems  for  inflammable  liquids  shall 
be  of  standard  full  weight  brass,  galvanized  iron  or  steel,  with  suitable 
brass  or  galvanized  malleable  iron  or  steel  fittings.  No  rubber  nor  other 
packings,  and  no  flanges,  shall  be  used.  If  unions  are  used,  at  least  one 
face  must  be  of  brass,  with  close  fitting  conical  joints.  Litharge  and 
glycerin,  shellac  or  other  suitable  material  shall  be  used  on  pipe  joints. 
Outside  piping  must  be  protected  against  any  mechanical  injury  when 
within  5 feet  of  ground  level.  Inside  piping  must  be  rigidly  supported. 

Section  62.  Defective  and  leaking  piping  must  be  made  tight  im- 
mediately or  replaced. 

Section  63.  Piping  carrying  Class  I and  II  liquids,  unless  without 
joints  or  connections,  shall  not  extend  through  any  room  which  contains 
any  open  light  or  fire. 

Section  64.  The  end  of  the  filling  pipe  for  underground  storage 
tanks  for  Class  I and  II  liquids  shall  be  carried  to  an  approved  location 
outside  of  any  building,  but  not  within  5 feet  of  any  entrance  door,  or 
cellar  opening,  and  shall  be  set  in  an  approved  metal  box  with  cover 
which  shall  be  kept  locked  except  during  filling  operations ; this  filling 


13 


pipe  shall  be  closed  by  a screw  cap.  A 30  x 30  mesh  or  equivalent  brass 
screen  strainer  shall  be  placed  in  the  supply  end  of  filling  pipe. 

Section  65.  Deliveries  of  inflammable  liquids  of  Class  I and  II, 
where  practical,  shall  be  made  directly  to  the  storage  tank  through  the  fill- 
ing pipe  by  means  of  a hose  or  pipe  between  the  filling  pipe  and  barrel, 
tank  wagon  or  tank  car  from  which  such  liquid  is  being  drawn. 

Section  66.  Except  as  permitted  in  Section  68,  inflammable  liquids 
shall  be  drawn  from  tanks  by  pumps  so  constructed  as  to  prevent  leaking 
or  waste  splashing,  or  by  some  other  system  approved  by  the  Chief  of  the 
Fire  Department,  with  controlling  apparatus  and  piping  so  arranged  as  to 
allow  control  of  the  amount  of  discharge  and  prevent  leakage  or  dis- 
charge inside  the  building  by  any  derangement  of  the  system.  When  in- 
side a building,  the  pump  or  other  drawing-off  device  shall  be  located 
on  or  above  the  grade  floor,  preferably  near  an  entrance  or  other  well- 
ventilated  place. 

Secton  67.  Except  as  permitted  in  Section  68,  no  tanks,  drum  nor 
other  containers  inside  a building,  or  discharging  inside  a building,  shall 
be  provided  with  a faucet  or  other  bottom-drawing  device  which  will 
permit  the  gravity  flow  of  liquids  inside  the  building.  Pipe  shall  not  ter- 
minate at  any  point  lower  than  the  level  of  source  of  supply. 

Section  68.  The  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  shall  permit  the 
storage  and  gravity  flow  of  inflammable  liquid  in  refineries  and  in  manu- 
facturing and  jobbing  plants  where  the  nature  of  the  manufacturing 
process  requires  such  storage  and  flow,  and  also  the  storage  and  gravity 
flow  of  commodities  of  Classes  II  and  III  in  stores,  plants  and  establish- 
ments, where  the  nature  of  the  liquid  will  not  permit  pumping.  Provided 
that  the  contents  of  tanks  holding  Class  I liquid  shall  be  sufficient  only 
for  one  day’s  operation  and  such  storage  shall  be  in  rooms  as  called  for 
in  Section  29. 

Section  69.  Supply  to  stationary  internal-combustion  engines  using 
inflammable  liquid  shall  be  by  pumpage  from  tanks  located  as  given  in 
Sections  46  and  47. 

Section  70.  In  equipments  for  the  use  of  inflammable  liquids  as  a 
fuel  under  boilers,  furnaces,  kilns,  ovens,  etc.,  storage  tanks  shall  be 
located  as  given  in  Section  46  or  47.  The  oil  must  be  fed  from  the 
supply  tank  to  the  burners  by  an  approved  pump. 

Section  71.  Pumps  used  and  called  for  in  Sections  69  and  70  must 
be  equipped  with  a pressure  gauge  for  oil  and  the  system  shall  be  so 
arranged  that  the  oil  pressure  cannot  at  any  time  exceed  60  pounds,  a 
relief  valve  to  be  provided  to  return  surplus  oil  back  to  the  supply  tank 
when  the  pressure  exceeds  this  quantity. 

If  receivers,  accumulators  or  standpipes  are  provided,  their  capacity 
shall  not  exceed  10  gallons,  and  they  must  be  so  arranged  that  the  oil 
may  drain  back  to  the  supply  tank. 

CHAPTER  V.  Petroleum. 

Liquids  in  This  Chapter  Means  Liquids  of  Petroleum  and  Natural 
Gas  Classified  as  in  Section  2,  Chapter  I. 

Refineries. 

Section  72.  No  permit  shall  be  granted  for  the  establishment  of  a 
new  plant  or  an  addition  to  a plant  for  distilling  or  condensing  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  until  after  a survey  has  been  made  by  the  Chief  of  the 
Fire  Department  and  an  investigation  made  of  all  hazardous  conditions 
connected  therewith.  If  there  are  no  schools,  churches,  hospitals . nor 
public  halls  within  300  feet,  and  no  other  buildings  than  those  of  the 
plant  within  150  feet  of  the  proposed  distilling  or  condensing  plant,  and 
(or)  other  conditions  are  agreeable  to  the  spirit  and  intent  of  this  ordi- 


14 


nance,  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  shall  grant  a permit  for  the  loca- 
tion desired ; provided,  also,  that  a guarantee  to  maintain  an  open  space 
150  feet  wide  on  all  sides  shall  be  given  by  the  applicant. 

Section  73.  Storage  and  piping  at  such  plants  shall  be  as  in  Chap- 
ters III  and  IV  of  this  ordinance. 

Jobbing  Plants , Storehouses  and  Distributing  Stations. 

Section  74.  New  and  existing  jobbing  plants,  storehouses  and  dis- 
tributing stations  shall  be  constructed  as  provided  in  and  conform  to 
Sections  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42  and  44. 

Section  75.  In  new  and  existing  plants,  rooms  in  which  Class  I,  II 
and  III  liquids  are  stored  or  handled  in  other  than  original  containers, 
heating  shall  be  done  by  steam  or  hot  water.  Unpierced  fire  walls  shall 
isolate  from  such  rooms  all  steam  boilers,  furnaces  or  exposed  fires,  or 
any  electric  dynamos  or  motors,  or  other  spark  emitting  devices,  pro- 
vided that  explosion-proof  motors  may  be  used. 

Section  76.  Storage  and  piping  at  such  plants  shall  be  as  provided 
in  Chapters  III  and  IV  of  this  ordinance. 

Distributing , Retailing  and  Containers  Used. 

Section  77.  All  tank  wagons,  and  wagons  containing  tank  with 
faucets,  when  used  for  distribution  of  inflammable  liquids,  shall  be  of 
substantial  and  workmanlike  construction  and  shall  be  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department,  who  shall  inspect  and  keep 
a record  of  such  wagons  or  vehicles,  which  shall  be  plainly  marked  with 
their  record  number.  All  faucets  connected  to  such  tank  wagons  shall  be 
kept  locked  or  have  handle  removed  when  not  in  actual  use,  such  handle 
to  be  so  constructed  that  it  may  not  be  removed  except  when  the  faucet 
is  tightly  closed,  and  all  measures  and  faucets  shall  be  covered  or  other- 
wise protected. 

Section  78.  Containers  of  Class  I and  II  liquids  shall  be  painted 
red  and  be  conspicuously  lettered  in  black,  “Dangerous — Keep  Lights 
and  Fires  Away  and  Store  Outside  Building.”  Containers  of  Class  III 
liquids  shall  be  painted  green  and  have  conspicuously  marked  in  white 
letters,  “Inflammable  Liquid — Keep  Fire  Away  and  Store  Outside  Build- 
ing.” It  shall  be  a misdemeanor  to  keep  or  place  the  above  mentioned 
liquids  in  containers  other  than  those  marked  as  designated,  or  to  use  the 
containers  for  any  other  liquids  or  substances  than  those  specified,  or 
fail  to  keep  their  exterior  clean  so  that  coloring  and  lettering  are  easily 
distinguishable. 

Section  79.  The  use  of  inflammable  liquid  in  kindling  or  starting  a 
fire  in  stove  or  furnace,  or  any  other  place  not  specifically  permitted  by  this 
ordinance,  is  prohibited  and  is  a misdemeanor. 

Section  80.  The  requirements  and  restrictions  given  in  Sections  23, 
24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42  and  44,  and  in  Chap- 
ters III  and  IV,  must  be  complied  with. 

CHAPTER  VI.  Paints,  Varnishes,  and  Similar  Manufactured 
Commodities. 

Section  81.  In  new  and  existing  plants,  rooms  in  which  Class  I,  II 
and  III  liquids  are  stored  or  handled  in  other  than  original  containers,  heat- 
ing shall  be  done  by  steam  or  hot  water.  Unpierced  fire  walls  shall  isolate 
from  such  rooms  all  steam  boilers,  furnaces  or  exposed  fires,  or  any  electric 
dynamos  or  motors,  or  other  spark  emitting  devices,  provided  that  ex- 
plosion-proof motors  may  be  used. 

Section  82.  Manufacturing  plants  hereafter  established  or  erected 
shall  be  as  specified  in  and  shall  conform  with  the  requirements  and  restric- 


15 


tions  of  Sections  26,  27,  29,  30,  32,  33,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  44  and 
the  storage  of  and  piping  used  in  the  handling  of  raw  stocks  of  inflammable 
liquids  shall  be  as  in  Chapters  III  and  IV. 

Section  83.  Existing  manufacturing  plants  shall  be  as  specified  in  and 
shall  conform  with  the  requirements  and  restrictions  of  Sections  26,  28,  29, 
30,  32,  34,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42  and  44.  Existing  tanks  inside  buildings 
and  of  larger  capacity  than  permitted  in  Section  28  may  be  used  for  Classes 
II  and  III  liquids,  provided  that  reasonable  safeguards  are  provided  against 
injury  to  occupants  of  the  building  and  to  adjoining  property. 

Section  84.  Jobbing  plants,  storehouses,  retail  stores  and  paint  and 
oil  stores  shall  comply  with  Sections  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  37,  38, 
39,  40,  41,  42  and  44,  and  storage  and  piping,  except  in  original  containers 
and  of  manufactured  commodities  which  can  not  be  pumped,  shall  be  as  pro- 
vided in  Chapters  III  and  IV. 

CHAPTER  VII.  Garages. 

Section  85.  A garage  shall  be  construed  to  mean  a building  in  which 
are  housed,  for  rent,  care,  demonstration,  storage  or  sale,  self-propelled 
vehicles  or  other  wheeled  machines,  containing  in  the  tanks  thereof 
inflammable  liquids  for  fuel  or  power;  also  all  parts  of  the  building  and 
all  adjoining  structures  or  buildings  not  cut  off  by  an  unpierced  fire  wall. 
All  plans  for  such  buildings  shall  be  filed  with  the  Building  Inspector  and 
shall  also  be  submitted  for  approval  to  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department. 

Section  86.  No  garage  shall  be  allowed  or  kept  in  any  building  used 
for  a school,  place  of  assembly  or  detention,  hotel,  apartment,  tenement 
or  lodging  house,  or  within  50  feet  of  any  school,  place  of  assembly  or 
detention.  Any  building  erected  or  remodeled  as  a garage  and  occupied 
in  part  as  an  office  building,  manufacturing  establishment,  warehouse  or 
store,  shall  have  such  parts  entirely  cut  off  from  the  portion  used  as  a 
garage,  by  unpierced  fire  walls  at  least  12  inches  thick  and  by  fireproof 
floors,  and  shall  be  provided  with  adequate  means  of  exit  independent  of  that 
used  for  the  garage.  All  windows  in  the  first  two  floors  above  parts  vsed  as 
a garage  shall  be  provided  with  wired-glass  windows  in  metal  frames. 

Section  87.  No  automobile  garage  shall  be  maintained  within  the 
limits  of  the  City  of by  any  person  or  persons,  firm  or  corpo- 

ration, unless  a permit  shall  first  have  been  obtained  from  the  Building 
Inspector  and  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department.  Such  permit  shall  be  issued 
for  the  period  of  one  year,  and  only  after  inspection  and  approval  of  such 
automobile  garage  by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department,  and  compliance 
with  all  the  regulations  in  this  ordinance. 

Section  88.  All  garages  erected  in  the  future,  except  as  hereinafter 
specified  as  private  garages,  shall  be  of  fireproof  construction.  All  trim  or 
other  interior  finish  must  be  of  metal  or  of  other  non-inflammable  material 
approved  by  the  Building  Inspector.  Floor  finish  shall  be  smooth  and  of 
concrete,  brick  or  other  incombustible  material. 

Section  89.  No  rooms,  nor  open  or  closed  spaces  of  any  character,  shall 
be  permitted  below  the  floor  level  in  any  building  erected  or  used  for  garage 
purposes,  and  no  floor  shall  be  entirely  below  the  street  level. 

All  elevators  and  stairways  in  garages  shall  be  enclosed  with  fireproof 
materials.  All  openings  in  stair  or  elevator  enclosures  shall  be  protected 
with  automatic  fire  doors  approved  for  this  purpose. 

Section  90.  No  building  of  other  than  fireproof  construction  shall  be 
remodeled  for  use  as  a garage,  except  that  outside  the  fire  limits,  existing 
buildings  of  non-fireproof  construction,  other  than  frame  buildings,  when  30 
feet  distant  from  all  other  buildings  and  with  no  other  occupancy,  may,  by 
special  permission  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department,  be  so  used,  but  shall 
comply  with  all  the  requirements  given  in  Section  89  and  any  floor  on  which 
automobiles  are  kept  or  stored  shall  be  as  given  in  Section  88. 


16 


Section  91.  Where  buildings  are  now  being  used  for  garage  purposes, 
in  which  wooden  floors  exist,  sufficiently  large  and  fluid-tight  metallic  drip 
pans  shall  be  placed  under  all  motor  vehicles,  and  all  floors  shall  be  well 
cleaned  and  mopped  each  day  with  a strong  alkali  or  other  non-inflammable 
grease  solvent  solution. 

Section  92.  All  automobile  garages  or  shelters  housing  not  more  than 
three  motor  vehicles  shall  be  known  as  private  garages.  A private  garage 
located  within  10  feet  of  any  other  building  must  be  of  fireproof  construction 
as  called  for  in  Section  88.  If  more  than  10  feet  from  any  building,  it  must 
be  built  of  non-combustible  material  throughout,  except  that,  if  outside  the 
fire  limits  and  not  closer  than  30  feet  to  any  building,  it  may  be  constructed 
of  combustible  material,  except  walls,  floors  on  which  automobiles  are  kept 
and  roof  coverings,  which  shall  be  non-combustible.  All  portions  of  the 
building  used  for  other  purposes  must  be  cut  off  from  such  storage  place  by 
unpierced  fireproof  walls  and  floors.  Such  non-fireproof  garage,  if  con- 
sidered by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  as  especially  hazardous  and  en- 
dangering adjacent  property,  shall  be  replaced  by  a fireproof  structure  or  its 
use  as  a garage  discontinued, 

Section  93.  The  heating  for  all  buildings  used  for  garage  purposes 
must  be  done  by  steam  or  hot  water.  All  boiler  or  other  furnaces,  forges  or 
other  exposed  fires,  lights  or  spark-emitting  devices  or  machines,  and  all 
repair  shops,  if  on  or  below  the  topmost  floor  where  Class  I liquids  are 
present,  must  be  in  a room  separated  from  all  other  parts  of  the  garage  by  an 
unpierced  fire  wall  at  least  eight  (8)  inches  thick.  Such  appliances  may  be 
kept  in  the  garage  if  in  a fireproof  room  8 feet  above  the  top-most  floor 
where  Class  I liquids  are  present,  provided  all  doors  and  openings  between 
such  rooms  and  other  parts  of  the  garage  are  provided  with  standard  self- 
closing fire  doors  kept  closed.  All  such  rooms  must  be  ventilated  at  floor 
line  as  described  in  Section  97.  Lighting  shall  be  as  given  in  Section  42. 
No  flame  lights  shall  be  allowed  lit  on  automobiles  in  a garage  except 
immediately  after  entering  and  immediately  before  leaving  the  garage. 

Section  94.  All  reserve  and  storage  of  Class  I and  II  liquids  must  be 
stored  in  underground  tanks.  No  Class  I liquid  shall  be  kept  inside  a 
garage  except  that  contained  in  the  reservoirs  of  motor  vehicles  and  in  the 
measuring  pumps  used  for  filling;  provided,  however,  that  there  may 
be  in  each  garage  one  or  more  approved  portable  wheeled  tanks  not  ex- 
ceeding sixty  gallons  capacity,  to  be  used  for  transferring  such  liquids 
from  the  storage  tank;  the  number  of  these  wheeled  tanks  shall  be  fixed  for 
each  garage  by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department.  The  reservoirs  of  motor 
vehicles  shall  be  filled  directly  through  hose  from  pump  attached  to  such 
portable  tank,  or  by  hose  coupled  to  a permanent  filling  station  connected 
with  the  main  storage  tank.  No  transfer  of  Class  I or  II  liquids  in  any 
garage  shall  be  made  with  open  containers.  Hose  for  use  in  connection  with 
the  permanent  filling  station  or  portable  tank  shall  be  of  such  design  and 
material  as  to  prevent  leakage.  The  portable  wheeled  tank  must  be  as 
described  in  Section  43. 

The  use  of  gasolene  for  cleaning  any  parts  of  an  automobile  is  prohibited, 
except  in  a special  room  as  provided  for  in  Section  29,  and  ventilated  as  given 
in  Section  37,  and  used  for  this  purpose  only,  or  outside  of  any  building  and 
at  least  10  feet  from  any  opening  in  any  buildings. 

Section  95.  All  underground  tanks  shall  comply  with  the  requirements 
given  in  Sections  46,  50,  51  and  52. 

Section  96.  Pumps  and  other  drawing-off  appliances  shall  be  as  given 
in  Sections  55,  56,  57,  60,  61,  63,  64,  65  and  66.  The  drawing  of  any  inflam- 
mable liquid  within  dangerous  proximity  to  exposed  flame  or  fire,  or  while 
any  automobile  engine  or  motor  is  being  run  in  the  room,  is  expressly  pro- 
hibited. 


17 


Section  97.  Rooms  containing  Class  I and  II  liquids  shall  have  open- 
ings for  ventilation,  of  at  least  30  square  inches,  along  at  least  two  walls  and 
at  floor  level.  These  openings  shall  connect  by  incombustible  flues  to  the 
outside  air  at  a point  not  closer  than  3 feet  to  any  window  or  door  opening. 
They  shall  be  provided  with  2x2  mesh  brass  wire  screen  on  the  inside  of  the 
wall,  and  unless  laid  with  a downward  slant  direct  to  the  outside  air,  shall 
conduct  to  and  through  a sparkless  fan,  run  continuously,  which  shall  be  of 
sufficient  size  to  completely  change  the  air  volume  every  ten  minutes.  Dis- 
charge outlets  of  vent  pipes  shall  be  provided  with  20  x 20  mesh  (or  equivalent) 
brass  wire  screens. 

Section  98.  All  garages  must  be  kept  clean.  Grease,  oil  or  paint- 
soaked  rags,  waste  or  other  combustible  materials  of  like  character,  shall  be 
kept  in  approved  self-closing  metallic  receptacles  having  metallic  legs  at  least 
3 inches  high  and  securely  braced.  These  receptacles  shall  be  kept  safely 
clear  of  all  combustible  surroundings  and  their  contents  shall  be  safely  dis- 
posed of  at  least  once  each  day.  Oily  and  greasy  clothing  shall  be  cared  for 
in  non-combustible  and  well-vented  closets,  safely  located. 

Section  99.  Class  III  liquids  may  be  kept  inside  the  buildings,  if 
stored  as  given  in  Section  54.  The  style  of  can  and  its  location  must  be 
approved  by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department. 

Section  100.  Dry  sand,  ashes,  chemical  extinguishers  and  other 
approved  fire  retardants  shall  be  provided  in  such  quantities  and  with  such 
pails,  scoops  and  other  fire  appliances  as  may  be  directed  by  the  Chief  of  the 
Fire  Department.  A reasonable  quantity  of  such  loose,  non-combustible 
absorbents  as  mentioned  above  shall  be  kept  convenient  for  use  in  case  of 
excessive  oil  waste  or  overflow. 

Section  101.  There  shall  bejio  direct  connection  between  any  garage 
waste  basin,  sink,  floor  drain  or  waste  and  any  house  drainage  or  sewer 
system.  All  such  drains  or  waste  mains  to  sewer  system  shall  have  inter- 
cepting grease,  oil  and  inflammable  liquid  traps  or  separators  which  will 
completely  separate  such  substance  from  water  and  sewage  and  allow  of 
their  safe  and  convenient  removal.  Such  traps  shall  be  ventilated  in  the 
same  way  as  is  required  for  tanks  holding  Class  I liquids.  Grease,  oil,  etc., 
removed  from  such  traps  or  separators  shall  be  removed  and  disposed  of  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department. 

Section  102.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department 
to  make  or  cause  to  be  made  inspections  at  least  every  three  months  of  all 

automobile  garages  or  stations  within  the  limits  of  the  City  of , 

to  keep  careful  and  complete  record  of  such  inspection  and  of  all  matters 
relating  thereto  and  to  enforce  the  regulations  prescribed  herein. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owner  or  manager  of  all  garages  to  maintain 
in  at  least  three  conspicuous  places  on  each  floor  of  a garage  a placard  giving 
a copy  of  all  ordinances  affecting  the  handling  of  inflammable  liquids  in 
garages. 

CHAPTER  VIII.  Dry  Cleaning. 

Section  103.  “ Dry  cleaning”  shall  be  known  as  the  art,  act  or  process 

of  cleaning  or  renovating  wearing  or  other  apparel,  clothes  and  other  fabrics 
or  textiles,  or  any  other  things  with  any  inflammable  liquid.  “ Sponging” 
shall  be  the  removal  of  dirt,  grease,  etc.,  by  local  application  of  inflammable 
liquid  as  applied  by  tailors  and  others. 

Section  104.  Sponging  is  prohibited  in  shops,  dwellings,  enclosures, 
yards  and  all  other  places,  unless  carried  on  through  the  application  of  such 
inflammable  liquids  from  an  automatically  closing  safety  can  of  not  more 
than  one  (1)  quart  capacity,  and  the  use  for  sponging  of  such  liquid  from,  or 
in,  open  pans  or  vessels  shall  be  a misdemeanor. 

Section  105.  Sponging  is  prohibited  in  any  room  not  provided  with 
safe  means  of  exit  direct  to  the  outside  of  the  building  and  shall  not  be  exe- 


18 


cuted  or  applied  in  any  room  or  enclosure  containing  any  open  or  flaming  fire 
or  light  nor  within  ten  feet  of  any  such  light,  self-heating  iron  or  other  spark 
or  flame  producing  appliance.  During  all  such  application,  and  for  one  half 
hour  thereafter,  two  direct  openings  for  ventilation  and  air  circulation  must 
be  provided,  preferably  on  opposite  sides  of  the  room  and  near  the  floor  level. 

Section  106.  No  dry  cleaning  business  shall  be  installed  or  maintained 

within  the  City  of except  under  permit  of  the  Chief  of  the  Fire 

Department.  Plans  and  specifications,  giving  full  details  as  to  location, 
construction  and  operation  thereof,  must  be  filed  with  the  Chief  of  Fire  De- 
partment, together  with  an  application  to  conduct  such  business.  If  the 
plans  and  specifications  submitted  comply  with  the  rules  of  this  ordinance, 
then  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  may  approve  them  and  issue  the  nec- 
essary permit. 

Section  107.  Buildings  used  for  dry  cleaning  purposes  shall  be  con- 
structed of  non-combustible  material,  shall  not  be  more  than  one  story  or 
16  feet  high,  without  a basement  or  other  open  space  below  the  floor,  shall 
not  be  used  for  other  occupancy,  and  shall  be  at  least  10  feet  from  other 
buildings  or  a public  thoroughfare.  All  floors  shall  be  of  concrete  or  other 
non-combustible  material.  All  doors  shall  have  raised  sills  at  least  10  inches 
above  the  highest  point  of  floor,  and  no  other  opening,  except  for  ventilators, 
shall  be  less  than  12  inches  above  same  point.  In  wash  rooms,  only  the 
necessary  appliances  for  washing,  extracting  and  redistilling  shall  be  per- 
mitted. No  direct  opening  shall  be  permitted  between  wash  room  and  dry 
room.  No  combustible  material  shall  be  permitted  in  the  construction  of 
dry  rooms  or  any  racks  or  other  appurtenances.  All  steam  or  hot  water 
pipes  for  drying  purposes  must  be  protected  by  wire  screens  or  otherwise  so 
as  to  prevent  contact  of  pipes  and  inflammable  goods.  All  windows,  doors 
or  other  openings  within  100  feet  of  exposing  openings  or  combustible 
structures  or  materials  shall  be  provided  with  wired  glass  in  metal  frames  or 
fireproof  shutters,  doors  or  covers.  All  doors,  windows,  shutters,  screens, 
grills  and  barrel  openings  shall  be  arranged  for  ready  opening  from  either 
side  in  case  of  an  emergency.  Inter-communicating  openings  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  standard  automatic  closing  fire  doors  kept  closed  except  when 
passing  through.  All  rooms  shall  have  a steam  extinguishing  system  satis- 
factory to  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department,  or  where  such  fire  extinguishing 
agent  is  not  available  an  approved  system  using  a fire  deterrent  chemical  or 
gas.  One  approved  hand  chemical  extinguisher  shall  be  provided  for  each 
500  square  feet  of  floor  area. 

Section  108.  A vent  opening  of  at  least  20  square  inches  area  shall 
be  provided  at  the  floor  level  in  each  wash  room  and  drying  room,  near 
each  machine  and  opposite  to  any  door  or  other  air  inlet:  such  openings 
shall  be  covered  with  2x2  mesh  No.  16  galvanized  wire  web  and  shall  be 
kept  clear  of  all  obstructions.  From  the  vent  opening  a flue  of  at  least  20 
square  inches  area  and  of  non-combustible  materials,  built  into  the  wall  or 
floor  or  securely  fastened  thereto  and  free  from  mechanical  injury,  shall  con- 
duct to  and  through  a sparkless  exhaust  fan,  to  be  run  continuously,  and 
which  shall  be  of  sufficient  size  to  completely  change  the  air  volume  every 
five  minutes.  All  discharge  outlets  of  vent  pipes  shall  be  provided  with  12 
x 12  mesh  or  equivalent  wire  screen  and  located  without  hazard  to  surround- 
ing property  and  acceptable  to  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department.  Skylights 
and  windows  must  be  of  wired  glass  in  metal  frames  and  provided  with 
fusible  link  connecting  to  an  automatically  closing  device,  and  shall  be 
covered  with  12  x 12  mesh  or  equivalent  brass  wire  screen  to  prevent  spark  or 
other  fire  entrance.  Necessary  precautions  shall  be  taken  to  prevent  the  clog- 
ging or  in  any  way  the  stopping  of  air  passage  through  such  wire  screens. 


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Section  109.  Heating  shall  be  done  by  steam  or  hot  water.  No 
steam  boiler,  furnace  nor  exposed  fire,  nor  any  electric  dynamo  nor  motor, 
nor  other  spark  emitting  device,  shall  be  allowed  in  any  washing,  drying  or 
distilling  room,  or  in  line  with  vapor  travel  therefrom.  All  artificial 
lighting  shall  be  in  accordance  with  Section  42. 

Section  110.  In  each  wash  room  there  shall  be  provided  a drain  or  con- 
nection to  the  sewer,  at  least  4 inches  in  diameter,  provided  with  a U pipe 
forming  a water  seal  to  prevent  the  passage  of  inflammable  vapor,  and  with 
inlet  pipe  in  the  form  of  an  inverted  U,  or  a siphon,  with  end  at  least  2 
inches  above  the  floor  level,  3^-inch  air  inlet  3 inches  above  floor  level,  and 
top  of  siphon  8 inches  above  floor  level. 

Section  111.  All  dry  cleaning,  washing,  extracting  and  redistilling 
shall  be  carried  on  in  closed  machines,  which  shall  be  fluid  tight.  Washers 
shall  have  hinged  door  and  shall  be  arranged  so  that  in  case  of  an  explosion 
the  door  will  automatically  close.  The  transfer  of  all  liquids  shall  be 
through  continuous  piping,  and  all  outlet  or  drain  lines  shall  be  drained  by 
gravity  to  settling  or  storage  tanks.  No  dry  cleaning  liquid  shall  be  settled 
in  any  open  or  unprotected  vessels  or  tanks.  All  piping  and  all  metallic 
parts  of  each  machine  shall  be  properly  grounded  by  at  least  No.  10  copper 
insulated  wire  to  a water  pipe  or  other  grounded  devices. 

Section  112.  All  reserve  and  storage  stocks  of  such  liquids  shall  be 
kept  and  handled  as  given  in  Sections  46,  50,  51,  52,  55,  56,  57,  60,  61,  63, 
64,  65  and  66. 

Section  113.  All  goods  removed  from  washer  to  extractors  must  be 
kept  in  tight  metal  pans  with  under  side  of  bottom  covered  with  wood,  and 
no  goods  or  washed  stocks  shall  be  taken  from  wash  room  till  washing  liquid 
has  been  removed  by  the  extractor  and  all  dried  goods  shall  be  removed  from 
extractors  at  close  of  operation. 

Section  114.  Settling  tanks  shall  be  constructed,  located  and  vented 
essentially  as  given  for  the  storage  tanks.  At  the  close  of  the  day’s  opera- 
tions, all  liquid  contained  in  washers,  extractors  or  stills,  or  otherwise,  shall 
be  returned  to  the  stock  or  settling  tanks.  The  location  of  all  tanks  buried 
or  otherwise,  and  their  contents  and  hazards,  shall  be  plainly  marked  by  signs 
as  approved  by  the  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department. 


CHAPTER  IX.  Penalties. 

Section  115.  Any  and  all  persons  who  shall  violate  any  of  the  provi- 
sions of  this  ordinance  or  fail  to  comply  therewith,  or  who  shall  violate,  or 
fail  to  comply  with  any  order  or  regulation  made  thereunder  within  ten  days, 
or  who  shall  build  in  violation  of  any  detailed  statement  of  specifications  or 
plans,  submitted  and  approved  thereunder,  or  any  certificate  or  permit  issued 
thereunder,  shall  severally  for  each  and  every  such  violation  and  non-com- 
pliance, respectively,  forfeit  and  pay  a penalty  in  the  sum  of  twenty-five 
dollars,  each  day  constituting  a separate  offense.  The  imposition  of  one 
penalty  for  any  violation  of  this  ordinance  shall  not  excuse  the  violation  or 
permit  it  to  continue,  and  all  such  persons  shall  be  required  to  correct  or 
remedy  such  violation  or  defects  within  a reasonable  time. 

Section  116.  All  former  ordinances  or  parts  thereof  inconsistent  here- 
with are  hereby  repealed. 

Section  117.  This  ordinance  shall  take  effect  at  the  earliest  date  per- 
missible by  law. 


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